500-600 CE

By the 5th century, most Jewish settlements were concentrated in the Galilee, with the number dwindling from approximately 200 during the Bar Kokhba revolt to 43 settlements. Tiberias served as the main centre of learning and spiritual life. Yeshivas, the academy of advanced scholars, became the principal seat of learning and authority on Jewish matters. 

Although there was a general ban on synagogues, it seemed to be treated with leniency, with newly built synagogues displaying strong Christian architectural influence, with chancel screens being very popular. The main mosaic floor elements during this time included the Ark of the Covenant flanked by menorahs and lions, Zodiac signs in circle segments with the Sun (Helios) in his chariot in the center, personifications of the seasons, and scenes from scripture. Synagogues still displayed more figurative images than their church counterparts.